In-Text Citing
Refer to your source with a number in a square bracket ( e.g. [1] ) corresponding to the full citation in your reference list.
- Number your sources as you cite them. Once you have assigned a number to a source, continue to use that number every time you cite that source.
- Place bracketed citation numbers within your text, before punctuation marks with a space before the front bracket.
- When citing multiple sources at once, list each bracketed number separately using a comma or dash between numbers, such as: [1], [3], [5] or [1] - [5].
Below are some examples:
...a method that can be applied [13].
This theory was first put forward in 1987 [1].
Scholtz [2] argued that..."
Several recent studies [3], [4], [15], [16] suggested that....
For example, see [7].
Creating a Reference List
Use a citation manager that can generate reference list in IEEE style.
The reference list is located at the end of your paper and provides the full citations for every reference you use. The references are listed numerically in the order that you cited them within the paper with the bracketed number at the beginning of each reference.
- Your list is called References, and is centered or aligned left at the top of the page.
- Create a hanging indent for each reference with the bracketed numbers flush with the left side of the page. (The hanging indent highlights the numerical sequence of your references.)
- An author's name is listed as first initial, last name. (Example: Adel Al Muhairy would be cited as A. Al Muhairy).
- The title of an article is listed in quotation marks.
- The title of a journal is listed in italics.
See the IEEE Citation Reference for examples of citations for different kinds of materials.
